بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
THE SHARH OF BULUGH AL MARAAM:
THE SUTRA
(The Sutrah Partition in front of one who is Praying)
03- February- 2013
باب سترة المصلي
Book 2 - Chapter 4: Page 89
عن أبي جهيم بن الحارث - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لو يعلم المار بين يدي المصلي ماذا عليه من الإثم لكان أن يقف أربعين خيرا له من أن يمر بين يديه». متفق عليه، واللفظ للبخاري. ووقع في «البزار» من وجه آخر: «أربعين خريفا»
Narrated Abu Juhaim bin al Harith (RAA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "If the person who passed in front of another person in prayer knew the magnitude of his sin he would rather wait for 40 (days, months or years) rather than pass in front of him." [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari's. Al-Bazzar narrated with a different chain of narrators, "forty autumns"]
What
this hadith is saying is that it is haram for you to pass
-in front of a person making salah
The word sutrah has a linguistic and technical meaning
-the linguistic meaning is a barrier or a
partition or screen
-the technical meaning is to erect a barrier from passersby during your salah
WHAT IS THE HUKUM OF SUTRAH?
-It is Sunnah mu'akkadah
Shaykh
Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, after quoting the evidence
for both points of view: The evidence of those who say that the sutrah is
Sunnah, who are the majority, is stronger, and this is the more correct
opinion.
End quote [From al-Sharh al-Mumti’ (3/277)]
-but Dawud Ad-Dhahiri made it fard
-but the prophet (ﷺ) was praying in the desert alone and did not put a sutrah
-this means it is sunnah mu'akkadah
وعن عائشة - رضي الله عنها- قالت: سئل رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في غزوة تبوك - عن سترة المصلي. فقال: «مثل مؤخرة الرحل». أخرجه مسل
Narrated 'A'ishah (RAA): "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was asked during the expedition of Tabuk about the sutrah of the one who is praying. He said, "Something such as the back of the saddle (to be put in front of him)" [Related by Muslim]
-
The scholars say the sutrah should be an arm’s length long
-The Prophet (ﷺ) would use of a wall of a building, a tree etc. for sutrah
وعن سبرة بن معبد الجهني - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «ليستتر أحدكم في صلاته ولو بسهم». أخرجه الحاكم
Narrated Sabrah bin Ma'bad al-Juhani, The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When one of you prays, he should put a sutrah (partition) in front of him, even if it is only an arrow." [Related by al-Hakim]
وعن سبرة بن معبد الجهني - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «ليستتر أحدكم في صلاته ولو بسهم». أخرجه الحاكم
Narrated Sabrah bin Ma'bad al-Juhani, The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When one of you prays, he should put a sutrah (partition) in front of him, even if it is only an arrow." [Related by al-Hakim]
-this is the hadith used by the Dhahiriyyah
madhab to say it is fard
-but this commandment of the prophet means recommended not fard
وعن أبي ذر - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «يقطع صلاة المرء المسلم - إذا لم يكن بين يديه مثل مؤخرة الرحل - المرأة، والحمار، والكلب الأسود ... » الحديث. وفيه: «الكلب الأسود شيطان». أخرجه مسلم
Narrated Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (RAA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "When any one of you stands for prayer and there is nothing in front of him (at least) equal to the back of the saddle, as a sutrah, his prayer would be cut off by (the passing of a) woman, an ass, and a black Dog." This narration also has, "The black dog is a devil." [Related by Muslim]
In order for the salah to be nullified by the pass of a woman,
-It
has to be a woman who has reached the age of puberty and the dog passing in
front of you has to be a black dog
-the
hadith that mentions the dog only is a general hadith
and the hadith mentioning the black dog is the specific hadith and in
ussol ul fiqh, the specific hadith is given preference over the general hadith
-this applies to any hujjah
وله: عن أبي هريرة - رضي الله عنه - نحوه دون: «الكلب».
Narrated Abu Huraira a similar narration, but without mentioning the dog
ولأبي داود، والنسائي: عن ابن عباس - رضي الله عنهما- نحوه، دون آخره. وقيد المرأة بالحائض
Abu
Dawud and an-Nasa'i related on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (RAA):
A similar narration without the last sentence, and he mentioned 'The woman having her menses.'
وعن أبي سعيد الخدري - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إذا صلى أحدكم إلى شيء يستره من الناس، فأراد أحد أن يجتاز بين يديه فليدفعه، فإن أبى فليقاتله، فإنما هو شيطان». متفق عليه. وفي رواية: «فإن معه القرين»
Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RAA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'If any one of you prays toward a sutrah (a barrier) and someone tries to pass in front of him, and then push him away. If he refuses, then fight him, for he is a devil." [Agreed upon in another narration, “For he has his evil companion (Qareen) with him."]
The
Prophet said to fight the person who passes in front the sutrah
-because
the sutrah is supposed to stop him
-so
for him to pass between you and the sutrah means he is the shaytan
-so you should fight him
It
is haraam to pass in front of a person praying
-this
applies to the place of sajda
-so
in a masjid if you pass in front of someone
-but
not in the place where he puts his head for sajda,
-you have not violated it
THE 4 CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE WITH REGARDS TO THE SUNNAH
1. THE SIN IS ON THE PASSER IF THERE WAS AN ALTERNATIVE PLACE TO PASS, YET HE PASSES IN FRONT OF A PRAYING PERSON
2. THE ONE PASSING HAS NO ALTERNATIVE ROUTE TO TAKE AND THE ONE PRAYING HAD AN ALTERNATIVE PLACE TO PRAY AWAY FROM THE PEOPLE
-in this case the sin is on the one praying
3. THE ONE PASSING HAD AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE TO PASS AND THE ONE PRAYING HAS AN ALTERNATIVE PLACE TO PRAY AWAY FROM THE PEOPLE
-in this case the sin is on both of them
4. THE ONE PASSING BY HAD NO ALTERNATIVE ROUTE TO PASS AND THE ONE PRAYING HAD NO ALTERNATIVE PLACE TO PRAY
-
In this case the sin is on neither of them
- If a man passes in front of you, it is considered a major sin but your salah is not bautil and the salah is only bautil if three things pass in front of you:
1.
Woman
2.
Donkey
3. Black dog
THE THREE EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE
1. YOU CAN WALK IN FRONT OF A MAN WHO PRAYS AT THE ENTRANCE OF A MASJID IF THERE IS ONLY ONE ENTRANCE
-and the sin will be on the one praying
2. YOU CAN WALK IN FRONT OF PEOPLE TO FILL THE GAPS IF THEY LEAVE GAPS IN THE FRONT ROW
3. IF YOU ENTER A MASJID AND SEE 2, 3 OR 4 LINES, YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WALK IN FRONT OF PEOPLE ON THE LINES BECAUSE THE SUTRAH OF THE IMAM IS ENOUGH
The evidence for that is the report in which ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Abbaas said: “I came along riding on a female donkey one day when I had just reached the age of puberty. The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) was leading the people in prayer in Mina, without any kind of wall in front of him. I passed in front of part of the row, then I got down and sent the donkey to graze, and joined the row, and no one rebuked me for that.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 472; Muslim, 504)
-if
a donkey walks in front of people praying the salah is not broken
-however
it is if the donkey walks in front of the imam
-because if you are walking in a group the sutrah of the imam is what counts
Imaam al-Bukhaari gave this hadeeth the heading of “Sutrat al-Imaam sutrat man khalfahu (the sutrah of the imaam is the sutrah of those behind him).” This hadeeth clearly proves our point, which is that the person who is praying behind the imaam does not have to have a sutrah, and it does not matter what passes in front of him, especially since Ibn ‘Abbaas passed in front of them with his donkey, which is one of the things which invalidates prayer if it passes in front of the imaam or a person who is praying on his own.
-ibn
Abbas passed in front of people praying while riding his donkey
-because
it is the sutrah of the imam that counts
-so, if a black dog passes in front of an imam the salah is invalidated
Narrated `Aisha: It is not good that you people have made us (women) equal to dogs and donkeys. No doubt I saw Allah's Apostle praying while I used to lie between him and the Qibla and when he wanted to prostrate, he pushed my legs and I withdrew them. [Bukhari]
There
is a difference between a woman lying down and the one passing
-the
scholars said you are allowed to pray facing a person lying down
-Aisha
didn’t pass in front of the Prophet (ﷺ)
-she was laying still in her house
If
the thing that invalidates salah passes beyond the sutrah, your salah is not
bautil
-however
if they pass between you and the sutrah then your salah is bautil
-and you should do your best to stop them from passing between you and the sutrah
WHAT DID THE PROPHET USE AS SUTRAH
1.
SPEAR
2.
POLE
3.
TREE
4.
BED WITH A WOMAN SLEEPING ON IT
5.
CAMEL
6. THE WALL IN THE HOUSE
- The length of the sutrah should be an arm’s length
ARE
YOU ALLOWED TO USE THE GRAVE AS A SUTRAH?
-this
is haram
-there
is no difference between the sutrah of a man and that of a woman
-just like there is no difference between the salah of a man and a woman
It was narrated that Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi said: The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) said: “Do not sit on graves or pray towards them.” (Narrated by Muslim, 972)
Abu Hurayra also reported that a black woman or youth used to sweep the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) missed her and asked after her or him. They said, "She died." He said, "Why did you not inform me?" It was as if they thought little of her or him. He said, "Show me the grave." They directed him to it and he prayed over it. Then he said, "These graves are filled with darkness surrounding their inhabitants. Allah Almighty illuminates them for them by my praying over them." [Al-Bukhari (458) and Muslim (956)]
On the authority of Abu Huraira (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) announced the death of al-Najashi (the Negus, the ruler of Abyssinia) on the day on which he died. He took them out to the prayer place, arranged them in rows and said four takbeers (i.e., offered the funeral prayer for him). [Al-Bukhari (1333) and Muslim (951)]
If
the country is infested with grave worshippers then you should
-go
ahead with the opinion of Imam Malik
-but if it is not then you can go ahead with the opinion of the jamhoor (majority)
If
a person dies in a remote part of the world
-with
no Muslim community to pray over him,
-you
are allowed to do the absent janaza on him
-but if not then you should not
وعن أبي هريرة - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إذا صلى أحدكم فليجعل تلقاء وجهه شيئا، فإن لم يجد فلينصب عصا، فإن لم يكن فليخط خطا، ثم لا يضره من مر بين يديه». أخرجه أحمد وابن ماجه، وصححه ابن حبان، ولم يصب من زعم أنه مضطرب، بل هو حسن
Narrated Abu Huraira (RAA): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'When one of you prays, be should place something in front of him. If he cannot find anything, he should set up a stick [in front of him]. If he does not have a stick, he should draw a line [on the ground in front of him] then nothing that passes in front of him will harm him." [Related by Ahmad and Ibn Majah]
وعن أبي سعيد الخدري - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا يقطع الصلاة شيء، وادرأ ما استطعت». أخرجه أبو داود، وفي سنده ضعف
Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RAA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Prayer is not invalidated by anything, but pushes away [the person who is trying to pass in front of you] to the best of your ability." [Related by Abu Dawud, but there is a weakness in its chain of narrators]
-A man
cannot invalidate salah but you should push him away
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