The Sharh Bulugh Al Maram (The Rules of EID) Book 2 Chapter 14 [notes]

   بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

:::::: THE RULES OF EID:

 

1)    It is haram to fast on the two Eids

Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (RA) narrated the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade fasting on the day of (Eid) al-Fitr and al-Nahr (the day of sacrifice, i.e., Eid al-Adha).” [Al-Bukhari (1991) and Muslim (1138)]

Nubaisha al-Hudhali narrated the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The days of al-Tashreeq are days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah.” [Sahih Muslim (2/800) No. 1141]

'Ammar bin Yasir (RA) reported: "He who observes the fast on a doubtful day, has in fact disobeyed Abul-Qasim." [Sunan Abu Dawud (2/300) No. 2334, Sunan Tirmidhi (3/70) No. 686, Sunan al-Nasa'i (4/153) No. 2188, Sunan Ibn Majah (2/561) No. 1645, Sunan al-Darime (2/5) No. 1682]

1)   Eid is waajib

Shaikh-ul-Islaam Ibn Taymeeyah said:"...and consequently we have deemed as being the strongest opinion that the 'Eid ul-Fitr prayer is obligatory upon all individuals.

Like the opinion of Aboo Haneefah Refer to Hashiyah ibn 'Aabideen (2/166) and that which comes after it.

-Menstruating women were ordered to come to Eid

-this proves Eid is mandatory

In Sunan Abu Dawood (1072), Musannaf of Abdur-Razzaq (no.5725) with an authentic chain of narration from Ibn Zubair that he said:

"Two 'Eids coincided on the same day and so they were both joined together by making them one.

He prayed on the day of Juma'h two raka'hs in the morning and he did not add to them until he prayed Asr Prayer"

In Sunan Aboo Dawood (1072), Musannaf of Abdur-Razzaq (no.5725) with an authentic chain of narration from Ibn Zubair that he said: "Two 'Eids coincided on the same day and so "I witnessed Mu'aaweeyah ibn Abee - Have you witnessed the coinciding of two 'Eids on the same day with the Prophet (ﷺ)? He replied:

Yes. So he said: What did he do? He replied: He (ﷺ) prayed 'Eid ul-Fitr and then gave permission not to pray Jum'ah, and said: 'He amongst you who desires to pray them, pray'"

-when to Eids (Jumaah and Adha or Fitr) clash, the Eid cancels out the jumaah

-you can pray Eid fifteen mins after sunrise

-and you can pray 4 Eid salaah in one masjid

-it is not the sunnah to pray Eid in the masjid

-there is no Sunnah before or after Eid

-if you pray in the park

-there is no adthan and iqaamah

2)   What did the prophet recite on Eid day?

1st rakat surah A'laa

2 nd rakat: Surah Ghaashiya

4) What comes first on Eid the khutbah or the salaah

The prayer comes before the khutbah

One of the rulings of Eid is that the prayer should come before the khutbah, as is reported in Musnad Ahmad from the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Abbaas, who testified that the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) prayed before the khutbah on Eid, then he gave the khutbah.” (Musnad Ahmad, 1905. The hadeeth is also in al-Saheehayn)

Another indication that the khutbah should be after the prayer is the hadeeth of Abu Sa’eed (may Allaah be pleased with him):

“The Prophet (ﷺ) used to go out to the prayer-place on the day of al-Fitr and al-Adhaa, and the first thing he would do was to pray, then he would stand up facing the people, whilst they were still sitting in their rows, and would advise and instruct them. If he wanted to send out a military expedition, he would decide about the matter then, or if he wanted to issue a command, he would do it then.” Abu Sa’eed said: “This is what the people continued to do until I came out [to the Eid prayers] with Marwaan, when he was governor of Madeenah, on either Adhaa or Fitr. When we reached the prayer-place, we saw the minbar, which had been built by Katheer ibn al-Salt. Marwaan wanted to get on the minbar before the prayer. I pulled on his cloak, and he pulled on mine in return, then he got on the minbar and gave the khutbah before the prayer. I said, ‘You have changed it, by Allaah!’ He said, ‘O Abu Sa’eed, what you know is gone.’ I said, ‘What I know, by Allaah, is better than what I do not know.’ He said, ‘The people will not remain sitting after the prayer, so we made it [the khutbah] before the prayer.’”(Reported by al-Bukhaari, 956)

-for you to sit and listen to the khutbah in jumaah is compulsory

-not so for the Eid

-so he made the Eid resemble jumaah to make the people listen to what he said

-the Eid this way is still valid

-but he should have followed the way the prophet did it

-it is makrooh to delay the Eid salah

‘Abd-Allaah ibn Bishr, the companion of the Prophet (ﷺ), went out with the people on the day of Fitr or al-Adhaa, and objected to the fact that the imaam came very late. He said, “At the time of the Prophet (ﷺ) we would have finished by now,” and that was at the time of al-Tasbeeh”(Reported by al-Bukhaari)

5) It is makrooh to delay the Eid salah

-it is in the caliph favours to surround himself with scholars

If people did not know about Eid until the next day

Abu ‘Umayr ibn Anas reported from his paternal uncles among the Ansaar who said: “It was cloudy and we could not see the new moon of Shawwaal, so we started the day fasting, then a caravan came at the end of the day and told the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) that they had seen the new moon of Shawwaal the day before, so he told the people to stop fasting, and they went out to pray the Eid prayer the next day.”(Reported by the five. It is saheeh; al-Irwaa’, 3/102)

If someone misses the Eid prayer, the most correct view is that he may make it up by praying two rak’ahs

What if you don’t know it is Eid and you are fasting?

-you have to break your fast

-it is haram to fast on Eid

6) If you miss the Eid Salah:

-you pray two rakat to make it up

7) How many takbeers for Eid?

Seven (7) in the first rakat and Five (5) in the last rakat

-If it is Eid ul Fitr eat before you leave the house Sunnah is three dates

-if it is Eid ul Adha only eat from the Slaughtered Animal