بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
TAFSEER
SURAH AL-HUJURAT
19 SEPTEMBER 2013 /
13 DHUL-QADAH 1434
DARS ONE
Hujurat means the private apartments of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ)
When this surah came down to the Prophet, he had nine wives and he provided a private apartment for each of them; they didn’t share any apartment.
This surah was revealed in Medina and it focuses on Akhlaq (Good Manners).
So, the main focus of this surah is to teach us good manners.
It contains many legal arguments because it is telling us what is HARAM (Unlawful) and what is HALAL (lawful).
It outlines to us what a Muslim character should be like; it forbids us from engaging in acts that will destroy the Islamic brotherhood and sisterhood.
This surah has condemned certain diseases of the heart like racism, tribalism, class system, etc.
These isms and schisms are diseases of the heart and that will destroy the society
Some scholars used to call this Surah AKHLAQ
This surah has 18 verses, all of them which are muhkamaat (clear verses).
There are no allegorical verses.
This means they cannot be abrogated.
So, whenever an Islamic scholar sees these clear verses, he knows there is no abrogation of them.
This surah was revealed when the prophet was in Medina and many delegations used to come and meet him.
They were rough in their mannerism and so this surah was revealed to teach us and these Bedouins how to behave in Islam.
AYAH 1:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّـهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ﴿١﴾
O you who believe! Do not put (yourselves) forward before Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), and fear Allah. Verily! Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (Al-Hujurat 49:1)
This means whenever there is an issue do not pre-empt Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ).
Don’t jump to pass a verdict without hearing what Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ) have to say about that issue.
There was a reason why has Allah revealed this ayah.
ASBAB AN-NUZUL
Narrated Ibn Abi Mulaika: 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair said that a group of riders belonging to Banu Tamim came to the Prophet ﷺ, Abu Bakr said (to the Prophet), "Appoint Al-Qa'qa bin Mabad bin Zurara as (their) ruler." 'Umar said (to the Prophet). "No! But appoint Al-Aqra bin Habis." Thereupon Abu Bakr said (to 'Umar). "You just wanted to oppose me." 'Umar replied. "I did not want to oppose you." So both of them argued so much that their voices became louder, and then the following Divine Verses were revealed in that connection: "O you who believe! Do not be forward in the presence of Allah and His Messenger..." (till the end of Verse)...(49:1) [Sahih Bukhari (5/168) No. 4367]
The incident above was the reason why the revelation of the ayah came down.
This verse also means you should surrender to Allah and His Rasool (ﷺ) and show them respect.
It also means whenever you do not have Islamic knowledge you should go seek it from those firmly grounded in knowledge and don’t say I think or I assume this might be the answer.
Allah سبحانه وتعالىٰ said ask those who know if you do not know.
And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad ﷺ) any but men, whom We inspired, (to preach and invite mankind to believe in the Oneness of Allah). So ask of those who know the Scripture [learned men of the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)], if you know not. (An-Nahl 16:43)
According to some scholars, the reason why this ayah was revealed was because some people went for Eid Al-Adha and slaughtered their animals before salah so Allah said they should not do this.
AYAH 2:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ ﴿٢﴾
O you who believe! Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet (SAW), nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds may be rendered fruitless while you perceive not.(Al-Hujurat 49:2)
When Abu Bakr and Umar (r.a) had an argument, their voices were raised in the presence of the Prophet (ﷺ).
Whenever you are in the presence of a person of authority, you are not to raise your voice in their presence, so it does not stop at Allah and His Rasool.
It covers the Muslim leaders and the evidence for this is Surah An Nisa verse 59
O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ), and those of you (Muslims) who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), if you believe in Allah and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination. (An-Nisa 4:59)
The raising of voices is not permissible in Islam unless there is a need for it, because raising your voice means you are ill mannered.
So only raise your voice when there is a need for it
For example, at the battle of khaybar, Talha raised his voice telling the people the Rasul has made muta and donkey meat haraam.
Luqman the wise advised his son to lower his voice.
Allah said in Surah Luqman verse 19:
"And be moderate (or show no insolence) in your walking and lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass." (Luqman 31:19)
Only the ignoramus will raise their voices, and it is worse when it’s done by a woman.
A woman is not to raise her voice in public, and women who do are not marriage material.
We were talking about raising ones voice over the Rasul of Allah (ﷺ).
You should treat him as alive in regard to respect and should not call him by his name but by his title.
Even Allah (SWT) never addressed him by his name but by his title only.
If the Rasul (ﷺ) had made something haram and you made it halal, then you are guilty of raising your voice above the voice of the Prophet.
For example, gold and silk is haram for men and so if you make them halal then you are guilty of raising your voice above the Prophet’s ﷺ and therefore you have nullified all your pious deeds.
Your pious deeds like your shahadah can be nullified.
This is why we did the topic: What Nullifies Your Pious Deeds?
SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT NULLIFIES PIOUS DEEDS
1.
Allah (سبحانه وتعالىٰ) warned the Rasul (ﷺ) against committing shirk.
Allah said in Surah Az-Zumar verse 65:
Therefore, these Grave worshippers have all their pious deeds nullified.
Allah سبحانه وتعالىٰ gave the similitude of those who commit shirk in Surah An-Nur verse 39:
As for those who disbelieve, their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it to be water, until he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing, but he finds Allah with him, Who will pay him his due (Hell). And Allah is Swift in taking account. (An-Nur 24:39)
People like Mother Theresa have all their good deeds nullified because they committed shirk
2. APOSTACY
If a person apostate, all his pious deeds are nullified
They ask you concerning fighting in the Sacred Months (i.e. 1st, 7th, 11th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar). Say, "Fighting therein is a great (transgression) but a greater (transgression) with Allah is to prevent mankind from following the Way of Allah, to disbelieve in Him, to prevent access to Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah), and to drive out its inhabitants, and Al-Fitnah is worse than killing. And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will abide therein forever." (Al-Baqarah 2:217)
When you apostate your ritual purity is gone, so you need to make Ghusl (Bath) when you come back to Islam.
3. HYPOCRISY
And nothing prevents their contributions from being accepted from them except that they disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger (Muhammad SAW); and that they came not to As-Salat (the prayer) except in a lazy state; and that they offer not contributions but unwillingly. (At-Tawbah 9:54)
When you talk about the charity you give, it hurts the receiver’s pride.
Many times, a poor woman goes to the Masjid for the imam to give her money.
What will he say about the donor who wishes to remain anonymous?
All the donor asks is for you to make dua for him.
Allah سبحانه وتعالىٰ said speaking kind words and forgiving faults of your brothers is better than you reminding them of your generosity towards them.
Kind words and forgiving of faults are better than Sadaqah (charity) followed by injury. And Allah is Rich (Free of all wants) and He is Most-Forbearing.(Al-Baqarah 2:263)
4. TO CHEER FOR THE KUFFAR AGAINST THE MUJAHIDEEN
5. TO SPY FOR THE KUFFAR
6. TO KEEP A DOG IN YOUR HOUSE
You are allowed to have a guard dog or a hunting dog but not a pet dog.
Abu Hurayra (RA) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever keeps a dog that is not a dog for hunting, herding livestock or farming, two qiraats will be deducted from his reward each day.” [Sahih Muslim (3/1203) No. 1575]
7. TO BE A DISOBEDIENT WIFE
She likes to refuse her husband's call to bed.
Abu Huraira (RA) said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "If a man calls his wife to his bed and she refuses, and thus he spends the night angry with her, the angels continue cursing her till the morning." [Al-Bukhari (3237) and Muslim (1436)]
There are many Quranic verses which made it compulsory on us to follow hadith:
Allah سبحانه وتعالىٰ said in the Quran: Surah Al Imran & Al Hashr
Say (O Muhammad SAW to mankind) : "If you (really) love Allah then follow me (i.e. accept Islamic Monotheism, follow the Qur'an and the Sunnah), Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (Al Imran 3:31)
And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it), and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. (Al-Hashr 59:7)
The Parvezis are guilty of raising their voices above the Rasul (ﷺ) because they reject hadith.
According to my shaikhs, Surah 16:44 is the knockout punch:
With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down unto you (O Muhammad ﷺ) the reminder and the advice (the Qur'an), that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought. (An-Nahl 16:44)
Al-Hafiz Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin 'Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim bin Duhaym recorded that Damrah narrated that two men took their dispute to the Prophet (ﷺ), and he gave a judgment to the benefit of whoever among them had the right. The person who lost the dispute said, "I do not agree." The other person asked him, "What do you want then" He said, "Let us go to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq."
They went to Abu Bakr and the person who won the dispute said, "We went to the Prophet (ﷺ) with our dispute and he issued a decision in my favor." Abu Bakr said, "Then the decision is that which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) issued." The person who lost the dispute still rejected the decision and said, "Let us go to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab." When they went to 'Umar, the person who won the dispute said, "We took our dispute to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he decided in my favor, but this man refused to submit to the decision."
'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked the second man and he concurred. 'Umar went to his house and emerged from it holding aloft his sword. He struck the head of the man who rejected the Prophet’s decision with the sword and killed him. Consequently, Allah revealed, [فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ] (But no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith, until they make you judge in all disputes between them... (An-Nisa 4:65)). [Tafseer Ibn Katheer (2/351-352)]
When Umar chopped off the man’s head in the above-mentioned incident, no one condemned what he had done.
Surah Al-Nisa verse 65 was revealed because of this incident.
But no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith, until they make you (O Muhammad ﷺ) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission. (An-Nisa 4:65)
AYAH 3:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِندَ رَسُولِ اللَّـهِ أُولَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّـهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۚ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴿٣﴾
Verily! Those who lower their voices in the presence of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for piety. For them is forgiveness and a great reward.(Al-Hujurat 49:3)
The tafsir of above ayah is: for example, a man was wearing a gold ring and when he is told about it being haraam he immediately removes it from his finger.
Another is seeing someone who is haraam for him and he was told that she is haraam for him. He abandoned the decision even though he loved her immensely.
Therefore, this ayah is talking about those who bow down and give in to the hujjah, thereby lowering their voice to the Rasul (ﷺ).
So you were tested for Taqwa and then passed it with flying colours.
AYAH 4:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَاءِ الْحُجُرَاتِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا
يَعْقِلُونَ ﴿٤﴾
Verily! Those who call you from behind the dwellings, most of them have no sense.(Al-Hujurat 49:4)
The Rasul (ﷺ) had 9 wives and the dwellings spoken about in this ayah are their dwellings.
Zainab Bint Jahsh (r.a) was Aisha's (r.a) biggest rival but she stood by her in the moment of need because she had Taqwa.
Safiyyah (r.a) was a Jew but became a very strong Muslim and loved the Rasul truly to the extent that she said she wishes she was the one dying instead of the Rasul (ﷺ).
When the Prophet (ﷺ) was suffering from the fatal sickness due to which he died, Safiyyah (RA) said, "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, I wish I were the one suffering instead of you." The other wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) looked at each other (as if they mocked what she said). The Prophet (ﷺ) saw them and said: "Wash your mouths." They said, "From what?" He said: "From ridiculing her with your looks to each other. By Allah, she is truthful." [Related by Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (8/128)]
According to Islamic adab you need to knock at the front door three times and leave after that if there is no one opening the door, but these Bedouins went to the back door and started screaming, "Muhammad come out” because they were not sure which room he was in.
These Bedouins were uncouth.
Narrated Anas bin Malik: A bedouin urinated in the mosque and the people ran to (beat) him, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Leave him alone; don't interrupt him. He (the narrator) said: And when he had finished, he called for a bucket of water and poured it over. [Al-Bukhari (6025) and Muslim (284)]
Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri: While I
was present in one of the gatherings of the Ansar, Abu Musa came as if he was
scared, and said, "I asked permission to enter upon 'Umar three times, but
I was not given the permission, so I returned." (When 'Umar came to know
about it) he said to Abu Musa, "Why did you not enter?'. Abu Musa replied,
"I asked permission three times, and I was not given it, so I returned,
for Allah's Apostle said, "If anyone of you asks the permission to enter
thrice, and the permission is not given, then he should return.'"
'Umar said, "By Allah! We will ask Abu Musa to bring witnesses for it." (Abu Musa went to a gathering of the Ansar and said). "Did anyone of you hear this from the Prophet?" Ubai bin Ka'b said, "By Allah, none will go with you but the youngest of the people (as a witness)." (Abu Sa'id) was the youngest of them, so I went with Abu Musa and informed 'Umar that the Prophet had said so. [Al-Bukhari (6245) and Muslim (2153)]
Allah said in the Quran Surah An-Nur verse 27:
O you who believe Enter not houses other than your own, until you have asked permission and greeted those in them that is better for you, in order that you may remember (An-Nur 24:27)
When you are a guest in someone’s house you are not allowed to make demands or ask for anything specific, nor should you ask embarrassing questions.
AYAH 5:
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُوا حَتَّىٰ تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ ۚ وَاللَّـهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴿٥﴾
And if they had patience till you could come out to them, it would have been better for them. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Al-Hujurat 49:5)
If they had begged the Rasul ﷺ in a civilised manner, then he would have released all the POWs for free, but because of their behaviour he released half of them for free and asked for money to release the other half.
LESSONS FROM THE FIRST 5 AYAHS OF SURAH AL-HUJURAT
LESSON # 1: IT IS COMPULSORY TO OBEY ALLAH AND HIS RASUL (ﷺ)
LESSON # 2: RAISING YOUR VOICE ABOVE THE VOICE OF THE RASUL BY REJECTING A SAHIH HADITH NULLIFIES ALL YOUR PIOUS DEEDS
Umar (r.a) decapitated a man for doing this.
LESSON # 3: WE ARE NOT ALLOWED TO RAISE OUR VOICES ABOVE OUR LEADERS TOO
Allah سبحانه وتعالىٰ said in the Quran Surah An-Nisa Verse 59:
O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ), and those of you (Muslims) who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), if you believe in Allah and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination. (An-Nisa 4:59)
Therefore, who are the Leaders?
1. The Husband in the house
2. The Imam of the Masjid (If he is a qualified Aalim)
3. The Scholars of the Shariah council
4. The Governor of the Muslims state
5. The Ameer on the battlefield
6. The overall caliph
So, Allah (سبحانه وتعالىٰ) said do not raise your voice above the Rasul
It did not stop at him because of Surah An-Nisa verse 59.
Therefore, if the imam is giving khutbah in the Masjid, he is representing the Rasul ﷺ and so should not preach kufr.
LESSON # 4: RAISING OUR VOICES IN A NORMAL CONVERSATION IS CONSIDERED ILL-MANNERED AND UNCOUTH
Allah said in the Qu'ran in Surah Luqman Verse 19:
"And be moderate (or show no insolence) in your walking and lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass." (Luqman 31:19)
LESSON # 5: THE BEDOUIN ARABS CAME FROM FAR AND THE RASUL DID A MARVELOUS JOB IN GIVING THEM GOOD AKHLAQ
Abu Huraira narrated the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "I was sent to perfect good character."
[Al-Adab al-Mufrad al-Bukhari, No. 273, Muwatta Malik (2/75) No. 1885, Musnad Ahmad (2/381) No. 8939, Mustadrak al-Haakim (2/670) No. 4221]
One of them even urinated in the Masjid during a Dars (Islamic Lecture).
“And when is the Hour?” He said, “The one who is questioned does not know more about it than the one who asks.” He asked, “Then what are its Signs?” He said, “That a maid-servant will beget her mistress and that you see barefooted, naked-bodied, helpless shepherds construct tall buildings.” [Bukhari 47, Muslim 4, Tirmidhi 2619, Abu Dawud 4695, Nisai 5005, Ibn Majah 63, Ahmed 184]
LESSON # 6: YOU SHOULD ALWAYS GO TO THE PEOPLE OF KNOWLEDGE TO GET HUJJAH
Do not pre-empt the answered because you might be wrong
LESSON # 7: YOU SHOULD APPLY TAQWA IN ALL AFFAIRS OF LIFE
LESSON # 8: DO NOT SPEAK TO YOUR LEADER THE WAY YOU TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES
Or else there will be a breakdown of respect in the Muslims community.
Therefore, you need to observe proper manners to uphold the respect in the community.
Without respect you are going around in circles, and no respect means no leadership.
LESSON # 9: THERE ARE CERTAIN ACTIONS THAT NULLIFY YOUR PIOUS DEEDS
Examples are major shirk, apostasy and hypocrisy.
LESSON # 10: PATIENCE IS A VIRTUE
LESSON # 11: IF YOU ASK FOR SOMETHING IN THE PROPER MANNER, YOU WILL ACHIVE WHAT YOU WANT
-Good manners accomplish wonders and open many doors to you but bad manners will cause you to lose many things in life.
LESSON # 12: WHEN YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE WIFE, YOU NEED TO GIVE ALL OF THEM THEIR OWN SPACE
You can't lodge them in the same house except if they agree.
Women are by nature very territorial.
LESSON # 13: DO NOT PRE-EMPT THE ANSWER BECAUSE YOU MIGHT BE
WRONG
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